Department of Economics

Economics 312, Spring 2023, Part A: Lecture Notes by Date

Lecture 2: Thursday, March 23, 2023

  1. Slides from March 21, 2023
    1. Learning from Data
    2. Abducting Economics: How to Learn from Surprises, Heckman and Singer (2016)
    3. Friedman’s Approach to Empirical Economics
    4. (*)  Hypothesis Testing: Part I
    5. Econometric Approach to Causality, Heckman and Pinto, 2022
    6. Econometric Policy Analysis
  2. Causality and Econometrics, Heckman and Pinto, 2022
  3. What is a causal effect? How to express it? And why it matters, Heckman and Pinto
  4. Econometric Causality
  5. Causality and Econometrics: Part I by Heckman and Pinto (2022)
  6. Causality and Econometrics: Part II by Heckman and Pinto (2022)
  7. Causality in Econometrics and Statistics: Structural Models are Causal Models Some Formal Statements Part III on Causality, Heckman and Pinto
  8. Causality in Econometrics and Statistics: Structural Models are Causal Models (Do-Calculus Extract), Heckman and Pinto
  9. Abduction, Singer (2008)
  10. Continuous Versus Episodic Change: The Impact of Civil Rights Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks, Donohue and Heckman (1991)
  11. The Causes and Consequences of Self-Employment over the Life Cycle, Humphries (2019).
  12. Transparency, Reproducibility, and the Credibility of Economics Research, Christensen and Miguel (2018)
  13. Determining the Impact of Federal Antidiscrimination Policy on the Economic Status of Blacks: A Study of South Carolina, Heckman and Payner (1989).

Lecture 3: Tuesday, March 28, 2023

  1. Styles of Empirical Research
  2. A Running Example Based on: Alternative Methods For Evaluating the Impact of Interventions: An Overview
  3. Econometric Approach to Causality, Heckman and Pinto, 2022
  4. Madansky Method Based on Replacement Functions
  5. Olley and Pakes, Econometrica (1996)
  6. Theil Interpretation of Regression
  7. The Theil-Sen Estimators in Linear Regression, Peng (2008)
  8. Econometric Estimators as Weighting Schemes , Heckman, LaLonde, and Smith (1999)

Supplement

  1. Alternative Methods For Evaluating the Impact of Interventions: An Overview, Heckman and Robb (1985)

Lecture 4: Thursday, March 30, 2023

  1. Econometric Approach to Causality, Heckman and Pinto, 2022
  2. Madansky Method Based on Replacement Functions
  3. Factor Models: A Review
  4. Olley and Pakes, Econometrica (1996)
  5. Discrete Dependent Variable Models
  6. Conditional Logit Models
  7. Classical Discrete Choice Theory
  8. Probabilistic Choice Models

Supplement

  1. Alternative Methods For Evaluating the Impact of Interventions: An Overview,  Heckman and Robb (1985)

Lecture 5: Tuesday, April 4, 2023

  1. Extract: Notes on Roy Models and Generalized Roy
  2. Roy Models of Policy Evaluation
  3. Conditional Logit Models
  4. The Normal Generalized Roy Model
  5. Notes on Identification of the Roy Model and the Generalized Roy Model
  6. Theil Interpretation of Regression
  7. Interpreting IV, Part 1
  8. Interpreting IV: More On Roy Model
  9. Interpreting IV: LATE
  10. RDD
  11. Interpreting IV: What Economic Questions Can LATE Answer?
  12. ITT: Randomize Eligibility
  13. MTE as Generator of All Treatment Effects: IV and Policy Weights
  14. IV Weights and Yitzhaki’s Theorem
  15. Some Evidence on the Returns to Schooling, Carneiro, Heckman and Vytlacil (2011)
  16. What Does IV Estimate? Carneiro, Heckman and Vytlacil (2011)
  17. Comparing IV With Explicitly Formulated Economic Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot Identify

Supplement

  1. Probabilistic Choice Models
  2. The Theil-Sen Estimators in Linear Regression, Peng (2008)
  3. Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator, Heckman, Ichimura, and Todd (1998)

Lecture 6: Thursday, April 6, 2023

  1. The Normal Generalized Roy Model
  2. Notes on Identification of the Roy Model and the Generalized Roy Model
  3. Interpreting IV, Part 1
  4. Interpreting IV: More On Roy Model
  5. Interpreting IV: LATE
  6. Interpreting IV: What Economic Questions Can LATE Answer?
  7. Theil Interpretation of Regression
  8. IV Weights and Yitzhaki’s Theorem
  9. RDD
  10. ITT: Randomize Eligibility
  11. What Does IV Estimate? Carneiro, Heckman and Vytlacil (2011)
  12. Comparing IV With Explicitly Formulated Economic Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot Identify
  13. MTE as Generator of All Treatment Effects: IV and Policy Weights

Supplement

  1. Probabilistic Choice Models
  2. The Theil-Sen Estimators in Linear Regression, Peng (2008)
  3. Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator, Heckman, Ichimura, and Todd (1998)
  4. Some Evidence on the Returns to Schooling, Carneiro, Heckman and Vytlacil (2011)

Lecture 7: Tuesday, April 11, 2023

Review from April 7, 2023

Slides for April 11, 2023

  1. Notes on Identification of the Roy Model and the Generalized Roy Model
  2. Interpreting IV: LATE
  3. Interpreting IV: What Economic Questions Can LATE Answer?
  4. Theil Interpretation of Regression
  5. IV Weights and Yitzhaki’s Theorem
  6. RDD
  7. ITT: Randomize Eligibility
  8. What Does IV Estimate? Carneiro, Heckman and Vytlacil (2011)
  9. Comparing IV With Explicitly Formulated Economic Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot Identify
  10. MTE as Generator of All Treatment Effects: IV and Policy Weights
  11. Characterizing Selection Bias Using Experimental Data, Heckman, Ichimura, Smith, and Todd (1998)
  12. The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators excerpted from Heckman, James J. (2008). “The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators with an Application to Matching.” Les Annales d’Economie et de Statistique, 91-92, pp. 9-74.
  13. Econometric Estimators as Weighting Schemes , Heckman, LaLonde, and Smith (1999)

Supplement

  1. Probabilistic Choice Models
  2. The Theil-Sen Estimators in Linear Regression, Peng (2008)
  3. Some Evidence on the Returns to Schooling, Carneiro, Heckman and Vytlacil (2011)
  4. Matching As An Econometric Evaluation Estimator, Heckman, Ichimura, and Todd (1998)

Lecture 8: Thursday, April 13, 2023

  1. Understanding Instrumental Variables in Models with Essential Heterogeneity, James Heckman, Sergio Urzua and Edward Vytlacil
  2. IV Weights and Yitzhaki’s Theorem
  3. RDD
  4. ITT: Randomize Eligibility
  5. What Does IV Estimate? Carneiro, Heckman and Vytlacil (2011)
  6. Comparing IV With Explicitly Formulated Economic Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot Identify
  7. MTE as Generator of All Treatment Effects: IV and Policy Weights
  8. The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators excerpted from Heckman, James J. (2008). “The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators with an Application to Matching.” Les Annales d’Economie et de Statistique, 91-92, pp. 9-74.
  9. Characterizing Selection Bias Using Experimental Data, Heckman, Ichimura, Smith, and Todd (1998)
  10. Econometric Estimators as Weighting Schemes , Heckman, LaLonde, and Smith (1999)
  11. Ability Bias, Errors in Variables and Sibling Methods: Background
  12. Panel Data Analysis Part I – Classical Methods: Background Material
  13. Panel Data Analysis Part III – Modern Moment Estimation
  14. Cross Section Bias: Age, Period and Cohort Effects

Supplement

Review from April 7, 2023

Slides for April 11, 2023

  1. Notes on Identification of the Roy Model and the Generalized Roy Model
  2. Interpreting IV: LATE
  3. Interpreting IV: What Economic Questions Can LATE Answer?
  4. Theil Interpretation of Regression

Lecture 9: Tuesday, April 18, 2023

  1. Understanding Instrumental Variables in Models with Essential Heterogeneity, James Heckman, Sergio Urzua and Edward Vytlacil
  2. RDD
  3. Interpreting IV: What Economic Questions Can LATE Answer?
  4. Cost Benefit Analysis Using the MTE, Heckman and Vytlacil (2004)
  5. What Does IV Estimate? Carneiro, Heckman and Vytlacil (2011)
  6. Comparing IV With Explicitly Formulated Economic Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot Identify
  7. Characterizing Selection Bias Using Experimental Data, Heckman, Ichimura, Smith, and Todd (1998)
  8. Econometric Estimators as Weighting Schemes , Heckman, LaLonde, and Smith (1999)
  9. The Economics and Econometrics of Active Labor Market Programs: Generalized Differences Estimators, Heckman, LaLonde, and Smith
  10. The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators excerpted from Heckman, James J. (2008). “The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators with an Application to Matching.” Les Annales d’Economie et de Statistique, 91-92, pp. 9-74.

Supplement

  1. ITT: Randomize Eligibility
  2. MTE as Generator of All Treatment Effects: IV and Policy Weights
  3. Ability Bias, Errors in Variables and Sibling Methods: Background
  4. Panel Data Analysis Part I – Classical Methods: Background Material
  5. Panel Data Analysis Part III – Modern Moment Estimation
  6. Cross Section Bias: Age, Period and Cohort Effects
  7. The Normal Generalized Roy Model
  8. Interpreting IV, Part 1
  9. Interpreting IV: More On Roy Model
  10. Notes on Identification of the Roy Model and the Generalized Roy Model
  11. Interpreting IV: LATE
  12. Theil Interpretation of Regression
  13. Duration Models Introduction to Single Spell Models
  14. The Identification Zoo: Meanings of Identification in Econometrics
  15. Sampling Plans and Initial Condition Problems for Continuous Time Duration Models
  16. Multistate Duration Models

Lecture Note Supplement


2022 Lecture Notes

Lecture 1, Thursday, April 28, 2022

  1. Goals of the Course, 2022
  2. Econometric Approach to Causality by Heckman and Pinto (2022)
  3. What is a causal effect? How to express it? And why it matters.
  4. Causal Frameworks for Complex Causal Models
  5. Causality and Econometrics: Part I by Heckman and Pinto (2022)
  6. Causality and Econometrics: Part II by Heckman and Pinto (2022)

Slide Supplement

Lecture 2, Tuesday, May 3, 2022

  1. Econometric Approach to Causality by Heckman and Pinto (2022)
  2. Econometric Causality by Heckman (2008)
  3. Causality in Econometrics and Statistics: Structural Models are Causal Models (Do-Calculus Extract) by Pinto and Heckman (2022)
  4. Hypothesis Testing: Part I

Supplemental Slides (from Lecture 1)

Lecture 3, Thursday, May 5, 2022

  1. Econometric Causality: Part I on Causality by Heckman (2008)
  2. Econometric Approach to Causality by Heckman and Pinto (2022)
  3. Causality in Econometrics and Statistics: Structural Models are Causal Models (Do-Calculus Extract) by Pinto and Heckman (2022)

Supplemental Slides (from Lecture 2)

Lecture 4, Tuesday, May 10, 2022

  1. Hypothesis Testing: Part I
  2. Classical Discrete Choice Theory
  3. The Pre-Test Estimator by Heckman and Pinto
  4. Extract: Notes on Roy Models and Generalized Roy
  5. Roy Models of Policy Evaluation
  6. The Normal Generalized Roy Model
  7. Notes on Identification of the Roy Model and the Generalized Roy Model

Supplemental Slides (from Lecture 3)

Lecture 5a, Thursday, May 12, 2022 and Lecture 5b, Friday, May 13, 2022

  1. Classical Discrete Choice Theory
  2. The Pre-Test Estimator by Heckman and Pinto
  3. Extract: Notes on Roy Models and Generalized Roy
  4. Roy Models of Policy Evaluation
  5. The Normal Generalized Roy Model
  6. Notes on Identification of the Roy Model and the Generalized Roy Model
  7. Interpreting IV: What Economic Questions Can LATE Answer?
  8. Interpreting IV: What Does IV Estimate?
  9. What Does IV Estimate? “Estimating Marginal Returns to Education”
  10. Comparing IV With Explicitly Formulated Economic Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot Identify
  11. Revised Yitzhaki
  12. Yitzhaki Weights Examples
  13. Definition of Samples
  14. How To Correct for Sampling Biases
  15. Shadow Prices, Market Wages and Labor Supply
  16. Randomized Evaluations from Econometric Evaluation of Social Programs, Part II
  17. ITT: Randomize Eligibility
  18. Some Problems with Experiments
  19. The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators excerpted from Heckman, James J. (2008). “The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators with an Application to Matching.” Les Annales d’Economie et de Statistique, 91-92, pp. 9-74.

Lecture 6, Tuesday, May 17, 2022

  1. Classical Discrete Choice Theory
  2. The Pre-Test Estimator by Heckman and Pinto
  3. Extract: Notes on Roy Models and Generalized Roy
  4. Roy Models of Policy Evaluation
  5. The Normal Generalized Roy Model
  6. Notes on Identification of the Roy Model and the Generalized Roy Model
  7. Interpreting IV: LATE
  8. Interpreting IV: More On Roy Model
  9. Interpreting IV: What Economic Questions Can LATE Answer?
  10. Interpreting IV: What Does IV Estimate?
  11. What Does IV Estimate? “Estimating Marginal Returns to Education”
  12. Comparing IV With Explicitly Formulated Economic Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot Identify
  13. Revised Yitzhaki
  14. Yitzhaki Weights Examples
  15. Definition of Samples
  16. How To Correct for Sampling Biases
  17. Shadow Prices, Market Wages and Labor Supply
  18. Randomized Evaluations from Econometric Evaluation of Social Programs, Part II
  19. ITT: Randomize Eligibility
  20. Some Problems with Experiments
  21. The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators excerpted from Heckman, James J. (2008). “The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators with an Application to Matching.” Les Annales d’Economie et de Statistique, 91-92, pp. 9-74.
  22. RDD

Lecture 7, Thursday, May 19, 2022

  1. What Does IV Estimate? “Estimating Marginal Returns to Education”
  2. MTE as Generator of All Treatment Eects: IV and Policy Weights: EXTRACT
  3. Yitzhaki Derived the Weights Used by the Proponents of LATE but Without Citation; The Weights Have a Lot of Intuition
  4. Revised Yitzhaki
  5. RDD
  6. Comparing IV With Explicitly Formulated Economic Structural Models: What Simple IV Can and Cannot Identify
  7. ITT: Randomize Eligibility
  8. The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators excerpted from Heckman, James J. (2008). “The Principles Underlying Evaluation Estimators with an Application to Matching.” Les Annales d’Economie et de Statistique, 91-92, pp. 9-74.

Supplemental Slides

Lecture 8, Tuesday, May 24, 2022

Lecture 9, Thursday, May 26, 2022

  1. Modeling the Income Process
  2. Factor Models: A Review
  3. Factor Models